by using the FAST
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Tetelscope (FAST) has the largest collecting area for radio waves, with an illumination area of 300m in diatemter and the aperture efficiency about 60%. Amounted with the 19-beam L-band (1000 - 1500MHz) receivers which have with a system temperature of about 20 K at the primary focus, it is the most sensitive radio telescope over the world. It has excellent performance on pointing, with an uncertainty of less than 8 arcseconds in general (see Jiang et al 2019), and can track a source for a few hours with a full gain in a zenith angle of less than 26 degree. This can further improve the sensitivity with integration time.
Considering that the 19-beam receiver can be slightly moved in the beam-switching mode, every step of such beam-switching costs only or 20 seconds, we therefore designed and successfully tested the snapshot mode in March 2019 so that the four steps of small movements of the feeds make the four pointings which make observations to completely cover a sky area of 0.157 square degree, as seen in Fig.1.
Based on this high efficiency snapshot mode observations, during the risk-share open session of the FAST in 2019, we designed the the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey . The goal of the GPPS survey is to make the most sensitive pulsar survey on the Galactic plane in +-5 degree of the Galactic latitudes initially and later extend to +-10 degree. The integration time for each pointing is 5 minutes (i.e. 300 seconds). A cover can be surveyed by the 4 pointings made by the beam-switching, which costs 21 minutes in total, including 4*5 minutes for pointing plus 3*20 seconds for beam-switching. It is expected to discover about 1000 pulsars in this sky region of the Galactic plane visible by the FAST. The best wishes include the discovery of pulsars with extremely short rotating periods or extremely short orbit periods if they are in binary.
We carried out a series of test observations. Initial efforts were dedicated to examine the data acquisition system and test the pointing accuracy, and to design the data convert software. We designed and later continuously improved the pipelines for data-processing. Radio frequency interference (RFI) has been excused various method, such as ArPLS-ST. We discovered some pulsars in 2019. At the end of 2019, the GPPS project has been officially accepted by the Science Committee of the FAST, as one of five hi-priority major projects of the FAST.
In 2020, extensive observations have been made (see Fig.2), and we have already detected several hundreds of known pulsars, and have discovered pulsars in the following table.
Name
gppsNo
Period (s)
DM
RA
J2000 DEC
J2000 DiscoveryObs
Date ConfirmObs
Date PubOnWeb
Date PubName or Notes
J1901+0659g
gpps0001
0.07573
126.2
19:01:26
06:59
20190321
20191110, 20200420
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1924+1923g
gpps0002
0.68924
386.7
19:24:24
19:23
20190327
20191110
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1904+0823g
gpps0003
0.37694
60.4
19:04:43
08:23
20200421
20200915
20200928
J1936+2041g
gpps0004
0.06047
193.8
19:36:28
20:41
20200222
20200830, 20200910
20200928
J1838+0046g
gpps0005
2.20317
229.6
18:38:10
00:46
20191009
20200203, 20200405, 20200415, 20200811, 20200827
20200928
J1924+1933g
gpps0006
0.38886
280.3
19:24:48
19:33
20190327
20191110, 20200204
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1925+1628g
gpps0007
0.00411
214.1
19:25:07
16:28
20191121
20200204
20200928
J1905+0655g
gpps0008
0.35881
23.0
19:05:48
06:55
20190923
20200205, 20200418, 20200607, 20200826, 20200914
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1904+0854g
gpps0009
0.00619
195.1
19:04:50
08:54
20190917
20200205
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1857+0214g
gpps0010
0.33389
986.3
18:57:09
02:14
20191009
20200212, 20200822
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1947+2006g
gpps0011
0.00817
127.4
19:47:58
20:06
20190923
20200204, 20200212
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1917+1258g
gpps0012
0.00563
117.0
19:17:21
12:58
20191014
20200208, 20200212
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1930+1403g
gpps0013
0.00321
150.5
19:30:15
14:03
20191121
20200206, 20200401
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1852+0056g
gpps0014
1.17779
905.69
18:52:14
00:56
20200303
20200404, 20200819, 20200820, 20200911
20200928
J1859+0430g
gpps0015
0.33629
783.81
18:59:10
04:30
20200217
20200402, 20200404, 20200816
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1900+0405g
gpps0016
0.07238
634.42
19:00:39
04:05
20200222
20200402, 20200817, 20200907
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1906+0822g
gpps0017
0.43344
367.90
19:06:36
08:22
20200427
20200812
20200928
J1850-0021g
gpps0018
1.57459
605.35
18:50:08
-00:21
20200225
20200401, 20200402, 20200801, 20200816, 20200819
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J2052+4421g
gpps0019
0.37531
547.0
20:52:53
44:21
20200219
20200331, 20200607, 20200812
20200928
J1854+0013g
gpps0020
0.00271
204.10
18:54:17
00:13
20200302
20200401
20200928
J1912+1106g
gpps0021
0.67071
150.4
19:12:23
11:06
20200425
20200827, 20200910
20200928
J1854-0033g
gpps0022
0.36147
617.50
18:54:29
-00:33
20200420
20200909
20200928
J1917+1412g
gpps0108
0.44646
123.4
19:17:29
14:12
20200530
20200910
20200928
J1905+0450g
gpps0024
0.78330
442.30
19:05:59
04:50
20200426
20200909
20200928
J1927+1856g
gpps0025
0.27873
424.2
19:27:01
18:56
20190328
20200401, 20200811
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1855+0139g
gpps0026
0.44414
405.55
18:55:13
01:39
20200217
20200404, 20200828
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1849-0013g
gpps0027
0.49171
346.59
18:49:26
-00:13
20200225
20200401, 20200402, 20200813, 20200815, 20200816, 20200819
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1901+0712g
gpps0028
1.03771
332.4
19:01:29
07:12
20190321
20200607, 20200807
20200928
J1859+0434g
gpps0029
0.45834
320.06
18:59:40
04:34
20200217
20200404, 20200815
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1853+0013g
gpps0030
0.92853
312.37
18:53:53
00:13
20200302
20200401, 20200904, 20200906, 20200915
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1908+0811g
gpps0031
0.18164
300.15
19:08:43
08:11
20200217
20200402, 20200830
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1924+1343g
gpps0032
0.00572
98.5
19:24:20
13:43
20200521
20200914
20200928
J1904+0358g
gpps0033
0.75154
532.00
19:04:23
03:58
20200529
20200920
20200928
J1914+1029g
gpps0034
0.62129
59.73
19:14:22
10:29
20200306
20200821, 20200914
20200928
J1848+0129g
gpps0035
0.53402
77.02
18:48:22
01:29
20190323
20190323, 20200811, 20200829
20200928
J1904+0535g
gpps0036
0.36224
78.37
19:04:51
05:35
20200327
20200824
20200928
J1904+0519g
gpps0037
1.68053
80.79
19:04:07
05:19
20200327
20200827, 20200910
20200928
J1858-0024g
gpps0038
0.80131
186.2
18:58:46
-00:24
20200511
20200829, 20200917
20200928
J1904+0554g
gpps0039
0.00491
164.20
19:04:15
+05:54
20200219
20200401
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1912+0932g
gpps0040
0.44877
143.80
19:12:43
09:32
20200223
20200607, 20200826, 20200830
20200928
J1933+2038g
gpps0041
0.04075
302.90
19:33:39
20:38
20200605
20200909
20200928
J1852-0023g
gpps0042
0.35545
290.00
18:52:05
-00:23
20200315
20200905
20200928
J1905+0758g
gpps0043
1.19276
200.70
19:05:47
07:58
20200304
20200829, 20200911
20200928
J2017+2819g
gpps0044
0.91623
66.05
20:17:20
28:19
20190328
20200401, 20200820, 20200914
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J2009+3122g
gpps0045
0.07654
144.08
20:09:40
31:22
20200315
20200817
20200928
J1956+2826g
gpps0046
0.07179
111.97
19:56:48
28:26
20200330
20200820
20200928
J1924+1509g
gpps0047
0.24930
115.60
19:24:00
15:09
20200225
20200824, 20200830
20200928
J1903+0845g
gpps0048
0.15314
129.08
19:03:40
08:45
20200329
20200823, 20200905, 20200907
20200928
J1910+1054g
gpps0049
0.00387
139.36
19:10:01
10:54
20200315
20200415, 20200824
20200928
J1930+1357g
gpps0050
0.32354
186.59
19:30:11
13:57
20191121
20200401, 20200823
20200928
J1837+0032g
gpps0051
0.41814
186.90
18:37:37
00:32
20200203
20200821
20200928
J1847+0133g
gpps0052
1.42352
193.8
18:47:00
01:33
20200428
20200902, 20200910
20200928
J1926+1631g
gpps0053
0.67839
195.06
19:26:24
16:31
20200223
20200818
20200928
J1952+2702g
gpps0054
0.00414
213.10
19:52:18
27:02
20200525
20200819
20200928
J1911+0751g
gpps0055
0.79691
220.69
19:11:40
07:51
20200424
20200823, 20200825
20200928
J1915+0832g
gpps0056
0.38714
46.5
19:15:05
08:32
20200528
20200829
20200928
J1910+1117g
gpps0057
1.32152
296.46
19:10:27
11:17
20200530
20200818
20200928
J1926+1452g
gpps0058
0.30451
298.06
19:26:54
14:52
20200417
20200816
20200928
J1924+1509g
gpps0059
0.23995
296.58
19:24:32
15:09
20200225
20200824
20200928
J1917+1122g
gpps0060
0.51031
303.53
19:17:26
11:22
20200308
20200813
20200928
J1855+0513g
gpps0061
1.42147
307.50
18:55:05
05:13
20200428
20200820
20200928
J1929+1615g
gpps0062
0.04460
308.70
19:29:36
16:15
20200306
20200815
20200928
J1900+0213g
gpps0063
0.03209
310.50
19:00:12
02:13
20200528
20200820
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1952+2836g
gpps0064
0.01802
313.00
19:52:48
28:36
20200104
20200808
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1936+1952g
gpps0065
0.00972
325.03
19:36:00
19:52
20200224
20200822
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1859+0026g
gpps0066
0.00857
334.09
18:59:58
00:26
20200513
20200812, 20200822
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1856+0615g
gpps0067
0.32697
333.10
18:56:39
06:15
20200511
20200806
20200928
J1853+0312g
gpps0068
0.43809
345.02
18:53:14
03:12
20200509
20200818
20200928
J1855+0455g
gpps0069
0.10101
372.88
18:55:15
04:55
20200428
20200813
20200928
J1858+0609g
gpps0070
0.48435
381.50
18:58:09
06:09
20200511
20200819
20200928
J1913+0804g
gpps0071
0.45555
339.2
19:13:53
08:04
20200529
20200902, 20200902
20200928
J1857+0224g
gpps0072
0.87595
401.00
18:57:08
02:24
20200302
20200822
20200928
J1903+0534g
gpps0073
0.35765
407.73
19:03:29
05:34
20200512
20200812
20200928
J1928+1809g
gpps0074
0.29446
431.14
19:28:06
18:09
20200303
20200811
20200928
J1856+0011g
gpps0075
0.46415
455.82
18:56:47
00:11
20200422
20200807
20200928
J2022+3845g
gpps0076
1.00890
487.50
20:22:11
38:45
20200325
20200808
20200928
J2005+3411g
gpps0077
0.65105
489.00
20:05:43
34:11
20200419
20200808
20200928
J1921+1505g
gpps0078
0.61190
519.90
19:21:24
15:05
20200512
20200812
20200928
J1904+0416g
gpps0079
0.23145
521.00
19:04:04
04:16
20200529
20200807
20200928
J1859+0127g
gpps0080
0.27364
531.69
18:59:11
01:27
20200322
20200815
20200928
J1918+1340g
gpps0081
0.23299
575.87
19:18:53
13:40
20200303
20200807
20200928
J1911+0939g
gpps0082
0.36547
597.30
19:11:38
09:39
20200330
20200820
20200928
J1852+0159g
gpps0083
0.18573
607.51
18:52:43
01:59
20200306
20200812
20200928
J1849+0036g
gpps0084
0.39649
611.50
18:49:27
00:36
20200304
20200806
20200928
J2051+4435g
gpps0085
1.30316
616.02
20:51:26
44:35
20200331
20200808
20200928
J1920+1515g
gpps0086
1.60276
655.50
19:20:22
15:15
20200512
20200531, 20200811
20200928
J2021+4024g
gpps0087
0.37054
680.50
20:21:10
40:24
20200417
20200810, 20200812
20200928
J1921+1341g
gpps0088
2.30182
754.93
19:21:30
13:41
20200327
20200808, 20200909
20200928
J1853+0022g
gpps0089
0.57686
203.27
18:53:08
00:22
20190825
20191014, 20200405, 20200418, 20200827
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1903+0433g
gpps0090
2.81011
202.6
19:03:17
+04:33
20200330
20200422, 20200829, 20200911
20200928
J1859+0238g
gpps0091
0.05611
250.90
18:59:20
02:38
20200221
20200607, 20200825
20200928
J1906+0647g
gpps0092
0.35552
290.46
19:06:19
06:47
20190923
20200402, 20200418, 20200607, 20200825, 20200826, 20200905, 20200907, 20200914
20200928
J1849+0001g
gpps0093
0.52560
189.41
18:49:23
00:01
20200225
20200415, 20200801, 20200813, 20200902
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1858+0028g
gpps0094
1.57085
415.31
18:58:09
00:28
20200422
20200426
20200928
J1850+0011g
gpps0095
0.18834
506.48
18:50:07
00:11
20200321
20200415, 20200801
20200928
J1849+0009g
gpps0096
0.65915
501.46
18:49:40
00:09
20200321
20200415, 20200902
20200928
J1849-0003g
gpps0097
0.89336
543.9
18:49:59
-00:03
20200225
20200415, 20200813, 20200902
20200928
timing=JP.Yuan
J1852-0002g
gpps0098
0.24510
558.11
18:52:10
-00:02
20200315
20200404
20200928
J1921+1258g
gpps0099
0.57316
366.29
19:21:18
12:58
20200329
20200428, 20200526
20200928
J1903+0839g
gpps0100
0.00462
166.50
19:03:52
08:39
20200329
20200823, 20200905
20200928
FollowUp=PF.Wang
J1903+0850g
gpps0101
0.61595
78.9
19:03:09
08:50
20200803
20200905, 20200907
20200928
J1906+0756g
gpps0102
0.05719
79.0
19:06:41
07:56
20200306
20200827, 20200911, 20200917
20200928
J1852+0018g
gpps0103
0.31876
452.0
18:52:27
00:18
20190825
20200826, 20200915
20200928
J1904+0836g
gpps0104
0.00444
90.5
19:04:35
08:36
20200329
20200902, 20200914
20200928
J2045+3631g
gpps0105
0.00873
107.1
20:45:01
36:31
20200404
20200907
20200928
J2140+4739g
gpps0106
0.55704
138.9
21:40:01
47:39
20200122
20200907
20200928
J1838+0022g
gpps0107
0.00509
122.6
18:38:24
00:22
20200821
20200909
20200928
You are very welcome to use the GPPS data for your studies or study the GPPS pulsars.
If you want to such a study, or even if you have any data coincidentally for the new pulsars we have just discovered,
please do contact us to avoid any conflict of interest and to make proper acknowledgments or citations.
The GPPS survey team consists of Prof. JinLin Han (PI, hjl@nao.cas.cn, NAOC),
Chen Wang (NAOC), PengFei Wang (NAOC), Tao Wang (NAOC),
DeJiang Zhou (NAOC),
Xue Chen (NAOC),
Yi Yan (NAOC), WeiCong Jing (NAOC), WeiQi Su (NAOC),
Peng Jiang (NAOC), JingHai Sun (NAOC),
DongJun Yu (NAOC),
RenXin Xu (PKU), KJ Lee (PKU), JinChen Jiang (PKU), YunPeng Men (PKU),
Heng Xu (PKU), ChunFeng Zhang (PKU), BoJun Wang (PKU), JiangWei Xu (PKU),
HongGuang Wang (GZU), WenJun Huang (GZU),
XiaoPeng You (SWU),
JianPing Yuan (XAO), Rai Yuen (XAO), JinTao Xie (XAO), ShuangQiang Wang (XAO).